A new generation of space materials left Earth this morning as they head to the International Space Station (ISS) to undergo testing in the brutal conditions of low Earth orbit. Developed at the University of Bristol, these high-performance materials could be used to build future space stations, spacecraft for interplanetary travel or a new ISS.
They will be placed on the Bartolomeo platform, located on the front of the ISS, where they will orbit Earth up to 9,000 times over the next 12 to 18 months at speeds of 17,000 mph. The carbon fibre reinforced composites will need to survive temperatures between -150ºC and +120ºC, space debris travelling seven times faster than a bullet, severe electromagnetic radiation, high vacuum and atomic oxygen, which erodes even the toughest materials.
Leading the project, Professor Ian Hamerton, Professor of Polymers and Sustainable Composites in the University of Bristol’s world-leading Bristol Composites Institute, said: “Space is the most challenging environment for which to design new materials. You’re pitting your materials expertise, skills and ingenuity against extremes of temperature, mechanical stress, radiation, high speed impacts and more. Any one of those might be difficult, and, unfortunately, gaining access to repair them is not an easy option, so the materials we build must survive without maintenance. The opportunity to test our materials in the proving ground of space is priceless and will help our University of Bristol scientists on the ground improve fibre-reinforced materials for next-generation space missions.”
During the campaign, real-time mass loss data will be collected to assess how the materials perform, and these will be used to validate analytical models currently being developed within a PhD project to predict the lifetime of composites deployed in LEO.
Professor Kate Robson Brown, formerly University of Bristol and now Professor at UCD School Mechanical and Materials Engineering and UCD Vice-President for Research, Innovation and Impact, leads the development of these computational models. She commented: “After nearly five years of research to develop novel composite materials for space applications it is very exciting to see our experiment launch to the International Space Station.
After a year or more of exposure in space, the samples will be returned to Earth, allowing the scientists to thoroughly investigate and fully understand the effects of the space environment on the materials and validate the newly-developed predictive models.
The launch represents the culmination of over four years of intensive research to develop new materials for the space environment as part of the European Space Agency’s (ESA) Euro Materials Ageing (EMA) mission. BCI was one of 15 teams selected for the project after a rigorous multi-stage peer review process. The EMA experimental platform (SESAME - Scientific Exploration Subsurface Access Mechanism for Europa), developed by the French Space Agency (CNES) and manufactured by COMAT, will be deployed by a robotic arm on the Bartolomeo platform designed and operated by Airbus, which is located on the front of the ISS.
